ST3 Trauma and Orthopaedic Interview Reading List

For the ST3 Orthopaedic Specialty Interviews it is not necessary to critically appraise key papers. However, being able to back up your answers with evidence-based references will greatly improve your chances of doing well in the Clinical Station.

Reading papers also helps you to further understand core topics that are asked again and again at the Clinical Station with literature reviews and meta-analyses of the current literature summarising the topic.

Listed below are key papers and guidelines for some of the commonly asked topics. They are ordered in descending level of significance and may be accessed online or via your local library.

Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES)
Gitelman A, Hishmeh S, Moreli et al. Cauda Equina Syndrome: A comprehensive review Am J Orthopaedic.2008;Nov:556-562
Ahn UM, Ahn NU, Buchowski JM, Garrett ES, Sieber AN, Kostuik JP. Cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation: a metaanalysis of surgical outcomes. Spine. 2000;25(12):1515-1522.
Shapiro S. Medical realities of cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation. Spine. 2000;25(3):348-351.

Compartment Syndrome
McQueen MM, Gaston P, Court-Brown CM. Acute compartment syndrome. Who is at risk? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000 Mar;82(2):200-3.
McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Compartment monitoring in tibial fractures: the pressure threshold for decompression. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1996;78-B
Ulmer T.The clinical diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the lower leg: Are clinical findings predictive of the disorder? Journal of orthopaedic trauma vol.16, no 8, 2002.572-577

Open Fractures
Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: Retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:453–8
Sorger et al. Once Daily, High Dose Versus Divided, Low Dose Gentamicin for Open Fractures. CORR Volume: No. 366, Sept 1999, pp 197-204
Gosselin RA, Roberts I, & Gillespie WJ: Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004


Fractured Neck of Femur (Elderly)
BOAST 1

NICE Hip Fracture Guidelines

AAGBI Guidelines

Parker M and Gurusamy K. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010; 92-B: 116-122
Parker et al. Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation for displaced intracapsular hip fractures in the elderly.  J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002; 84-B: 1150- 1155.
Parker M. The management of intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2000; 82-B: 937-941
Baumgaertner MR, Curtin SL, Lindskog DM, Keggi JM. The value of the tip-apex distance in predicting failure of fixation of peritrochanteric fractures of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995 Jul;77(7):1058-64



Fractured Neck of Femur (Young)
Ly TV and Swiontkowski MF. Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90: 2254- 2266.


Knee Dislocation
Howells NR, Brunton LR, Robinson J, Porteus AJ, Eldridge JD, Murray JR. Acute knee dislocation: An evidence based approach to the management of the multiligament injured knee. Injury. 2010;42(11):1198-204.

Open Fractures
BOA/BAPRAS BOAST 4

Pelvic Fractures
BOAST 3

Cullinane DC, Schiller HJ, Zielinski MD, Bilaniuk JW, Collier BR, Como J, Holevar M, Sabater EA, Sems SA, Vassy WM, Wynne JL. Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guidelines for hemorrhage in pelvic fracture--update and systematic review. J Trauma. 2011 Dec;71(6):1850-68.

Peripheral Nerve Injury
BOAST 5


Septic Joint
M.S. Kocher, D. Zurakowski, and J.R. Kasser, "Differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children: an evidence-based clinical prediction algorithm.", The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 1999.

M.S. Caird, J.M. Flynn, Y.L. Leung, J.E. Millman, J.G. D'Italia, and J.P. Dormans, "Factors distinguishing septic arthritis from transient synovitis of the hip in children. A prospective study.", The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2006.

C J Mathews, G Kingsley, M Field, A Jones, V C Weston, M Phillips, D Walker, G Coakley Management of septic arthritis: a systematic review Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:440–445.

Supracondylar Fracture
Omid, R, Choi PD, Skaggs, DL. Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008; 90: 1121- 1132.

Mangat KS, Martin AG, Bache CE. The 'pulseless pink' hand after supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children: the predictive value of nerve palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Nov;91(11):1521-5.

Blakey CM, Biant LC, Birch R. Ischemia and the pink pulseless hand complicating supracondylar fractures of the humerus in childhood: long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009; 91:1487-1492.

White LA, Mehlman CT, Crawford AH. Pulseless and puzzling, vascular injuries in supracondylar humeral fractures in children: a meta-anlaysis of observational studies and results of a POSNA membership survey. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010; 30:328-335


Trauma
BOAST 2

Giannoudis PV, et al. Damage control orthopaedics: lessons learned. Injury. 2009 Nov;40 Suppl 4:S47-52.
The importance of early treatment with tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Mar 26;377(9771):1096-101, 1101.e1-2